Subtitles: English, French, German, Spanish (Spain), Russian, Simplified Chinese.īattlefleet Gothic: Armada 2. The first videogame in Games Workshop's new "Gathering Storm" settingĬross-platform play between Steam, GOG and Windows Store. Improved multiplayer modes and features for a better online experience.Refined and improved gameplay, including new choices for ship customization.An ambitious, full-blown sequel featuring epic battles with far larger fleets.Three dynamic solo campaigns (Tyranids, Necrons and Imperium).All 12 factions from the original tabletop game.The ultimate Warhammer 40,000 space naval warfare experience.With bigger battles, refined gameplay, improved multiplayer modes and features for a better and more balanced online experience, as well as improvements across the board and even more customisation options for fleets and ships, Battlefleet Gothic: Armada 2 promises to be the ultimate Warhammer 40,000 space battle experience. Explore the systems in the Eye of Terror, with or against renowned characters such as Belisarius Cawl, Guilliman and more. The latest dramatic story development in the Warhammer 40,000 universe, the Gathering Storm and the 13th Black Crusade, serves as the canvas for three extensive and dynamic campaigns with high narrative values, focusing on the Tyranids, the Necrons, and the Imperium. It will include, at launch, all 12 factions from the original tabletop game and its expansions it is based on: the Imperial Navy, Space Marines, Adeptus Mechanicus, Necrons, Chaos, Aeldari Corsairs, Aeldari Craftworld, Drukhari, the T’au Merchant and Protector Fleets, Orks, and finally, the Tyranids. Get your fleet in order, unleash your inner admiral, and let the battles begin! Trust me, once you start playing, it'll be hard to resist the allure of the open seas.Battlefleet Gothic: Armada 2 is the new real-time strategy game adapted from Games Workshop’s famous tabletop game that portrays the epic space battles of the Warhammer 40,000 universe.Įxpanding on the groundwork laid out by the first game, Battlefleet Gothic: Armada 2 is a full-blown sequel - bigger, richer, more impressive and more ambitious than the original game. So, if you're ready to embark on an unforgettable naval adventure, Battle Fleet 2 is the game for you. Prepare for some serious strategizing and adrenaline-pumping battles! It's time to show off your naval prowess and sink your opponents' hopes of victory. It's like tactical chess, but with more cannons and way cooler explosions!Īnd guess what? The fun doesn't stop there! Battle Fleet 2 offers an incredible multiplayer mode that lets you go toe-to-toe with players from all platforms. From setting the aim to adjusting the range of your weapons, you have full control over your arsenal. Sink their ships, dominate the open waters, and assert your dominance as the ultimate Admiral.īut hold up, it's not just about boatloads of action! Battle Fleet 2 also brings the heat with its turn-based gameplay, allowing you to meticulously plan each move. Hey there, Admirals! Get ready to set sail and command your very own fleet in Battle Fleet 2! This game will have you feeling like a true naval mastermind as you strategically plot your way to victory.Ĭhoose your fleet wisely, because you'll be going head-to-head with the enemy in epic battles across the Pacific and Atlantic.
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Above price reflects one year subscription for individual user see this page for more information. P圜harm is available at several price points. The quoted price is that for individual customers, paid annually. Project Navigation, Testing support, Customizable UI, Vim key bindings.Intelligent Editor, Debugger, Refactorings, Inspections, VCS integration.Lightweight IDE for Python development only.Remote development, Databases and SQL support, UML, and SQLAlchemy Diagrams. JavaScript, CoffeeScript, TypeScript, CSS, Cython, Template languages and more.Supports Django, Flask, Google App Engine, Pyramid, web2py.Full-featured IDE for Python & Web development.Here are a few highlights of the different forks: Professional Edition In addition, the IDE provides high-class capabilities for professional Web development with the Django framework.įollowing the release of version 3, P圜harm forked into two paths: a free, Open-Source Community Edition and the commercial, full-featured Professional Edition. Rm -r ~/.P圜harm is a Python IDE with complete set of tools for productive development with the Python programming language. That should remove the P圜harm from your system.īut I would recommend removing the other three directories so that you can have a fresh install (if you re-install in the future): rm -r ~/.config/JetBrains/P圜harmCE2023.1/ Now, remove this directory using the rm command as shown: rm -r pycharm-community-2023.1.2 tar.gz file while installation.įor most users, it should be inside the Downloads directory: cd Downloads To remove the P圜harm (if installed manually), first, go to the directory where you extracted the. To do so, click on that little gear icon and select Create desktop entry:Īnd it will add the P圜harm entry to the system menu and can be accessed easily: Remove P圜harm Yep, that's all it takes to install P圜harm.īut creating a desktop shortcut is a good idea here as no one would want to open the terminal and start the P圜harm manually. If you wish to send the data, you can hit the “Send Anonymous Statistics” button, or you can click on the “Don’t Send” button: Then JetBrains will ask whether you would like to send data about features, plugins, and other data. Click on the accept button to get further in the process: It will start the P圜harm privacy and policy page. Make it executable using the chmod command as shown: chmod u+x pycharm.sh Now enter the extracted P圜harm folder: cd pycharm-community-* Now extract the tar gz file using the tar command in this way tar -xzf pycharm-community-*.gz Once done, open the terminal and change your current working directory to the Downloads or that specific directory where the file is downloaded: cd ~/Downloads I am using the Community version in the tutorial: Go to the P圜harms Download page and download the tar.gz files for either the Professional or Community version. P圜harm provides an installer for Linux and I am going to show you how to use it. If you do not like Snap packages, there are other ways to install P圜harm. Method 2: Install P圜harm using official Linux installer from JetBrains Students with an academic email and developers working on Open Source projects which are non-commercial can request access to P圜harm Professional Edition for free! More information on other initiatives for free access and discounts can be found here. If you wish to remove the snap version of P圜harm, all you have to do is use the following command: sudo snap remove pycharm-community If you are using some other Linux distribution, enable snap support first and then use the snap command to install the P圜harm Community Edition: sudo snap install pycharm-community -classic Remove P圜harm This means that you can search for it in the software center and install it from there. The good news is that P圜harm is available in the Ubuntu Software Center as a Snap package. Method 1: Install P圜harm in Ubuntu and other Linux using Snap The installation steps are pretty much the same for all P圜harm editions. You can read this comparison between professional and community editions to decide which version suits you. The full list of features can be found here.
No matter where you are heading, you need to have a reliable vehicle that can help you traverse all kinds of roads. The best part is that you can not only enjoy the beautiful destination but also the drive there. Whether you’re looking for a spacious SUV with ample storage or a luxurious SUV with a comfortable interior, there’s an option for everyone.Road trips to picturesque places are a great way for getting some downtime when you are in need of it. With these 20 best SUVs to sleep in for 2023, you’ll be able to find the perfect vehicle that meets your camping needs. ConclusionĬamping in an SUV can be a fun and comfortable way to enjoy the great outdoors. Other factors, such as noise level and privacy, may also impact your sleeping ability in an SUV. Some SUVs have more interior space and a flatter surface area, making them better suited for sleeping arrangements. It depends on the size and layout of the SUV. Generally, they include interior space, comfort, privacy, noise level, and ease of setup for sleeping arrangements. The criteria for determining the 20 Best SUVs to Sleep In (2023) vary depending on the source. Frequently Asked Questions: What criteria were used to determine the 20 Best SUVs to Sleep in? Whether you’re going on a camping trip or embarking on a long road journey, the F150 XL provides the comfort and functionality to make your trip enjoyable. In conclusion, the Ford F150 XL is a reliable, spacious, and versatile vehicle, making it the best SUV to sleep in in 2023. The truck bed is also large enough to accommodate a camping mattress or a sleeping bag, allowing you to get a good night’s sleep while on the road. The XL trim level of the F150 comes with a regular cab, which provides ample space for a comfortable sleeping area. It is an excellent choice for those who need a reliable vehicle for daily use and has a spacious cabin that makes it one of the best SUVs to sleep in. The Ford F150 XL pickup truck has gained much popularity in recent years. The interior is also outfitted with premium materials, cutting-edge technology, and a cutting-edge entertainment system, making it an ideal place to unwind after a long day of exploring. It has plenty of space for you and your belongings, and its seats can be folded down to form a flat sleeping surface. The spacious and comfortable cabin of the Jeep Wagoneer is one of the main reasons why it is such a great SUV to sleep in. It’s the ideal vehicle for long camping trips, thanks to its ample interior space, rugged off-road capabilities, and luxurious amenities. The Jeep Wagoneer should be on your list of options if you want a spacious and comfortable SUV to sleep in during your outdoor adventures. Its advanced safety features, such as blind-spot monitoring and lane departure warning, provide drivers with peace of mind. Furthermore, the rear air conditioning system maintains a comfortable temperature regardless of the outside weather.įurthermore, the Sequoia has a reputation for being a dependable and long-lasting vehicle, making it an excellent choice for long road trips or camping trips. There’s plenty of room to stretch out and get a good night’s sleep with the rear seats folded down. The Sequoia’s spacious cargo area is one of its most notable features. Because of its spacious interior and comfortable features, it remains one of the best SUVs to sleep in in 2023. The Toyota Sequoia is a full-size SUV that has long been a favorite among outdoor enthusiasts and thrill seekers. With advanced 4×4 capabilities and all the onboard features you need, you’ll be sleeping peacefully and camping in luxurious comfort. So, Ready for the camping trip of your dreams? Then treat yourself to one of the top 20 best SUVs for sleeping in, in 2023. You won’t be disappointed! Top 20 Best SUVs For Sleeping in 2023 – Sleep Peacefully on Camping So, read this blog post to find out the “20 best SUVs to sleep in 2023” to take your camping experience to the next level. From advanced 4×4 capabilities to onboard entertainment systems, you can rest assured that you won’t miss out on any creature comforts. These best SUVs for sleeping in feature the latest and greatest vehicles, with all the features you need to make your camping experience truly luxurious. This top-tier selection allows you to camp in style and comfort wherever you travel. Are you looking for the perfect vehicle for your next camping trip? Look no further than our list of the 20 best SUVs for sleeping in. If you have any feedback or questions, please go to Microsoft PC Manager App > Settings > Give us feedback. If Windows Defender is not installed in the system, the virus scanning function cannot be used. The virus scanning function in Microsoft PC Manager relies on Windows Defender. Running Microsoft PC Manager requires Windows 10 or above. It integrates Windows antivirus engine, comprehensively building a computer protection system. Microsoft PC Manager is an officially launched desktop security tool aimed at global users. Based on user pain points, it provides a one-stop computer problem-solving solution, addressing issues such as malicious system tampering, insufficient computer space, system lag, and excessive pop-up ads, creating a native Windows system experience for users. Microsoft PC Manager - Safeguard your PC in a quiet and reliable way. Microsoft PC Manager adheres to the four product concepts of simplicity, fluency, close to native, efficient and secure, and pure without disturbance. Requires Microsoft account to log in.Microsoft PC Manager - Safeguard your PC in a quiet and reliable way Timing of feature delivery varies by device. If Check for Updates isnt an option in the Help menu, you downloaded iTunes from the Microsoft Store. 3 Some layouts only available based on display resolution and scale. Narrator natural voices availability varies by market: See Appendix A: Supported languages and voices. 2 US English only for live captions, and voice access. Requires Windows PC with microphone capability. Follow the prompts to install the latest version. Features and app availability may vary by region. From the menu bar at the top of the iTunes window, choose Help > Check for Updates. If you install iTunes from the Microsoft Store, new versions will be automatically downloaded however, you can manually check for updates in the Store. Not available for iPad (iPadOS) or MacOS. Microsoft PC manager, a good way protects your personal computer and optimize performances. If you downloaded iTunes from Apples website. We also recommend going to the PC manufacturers website for additional info about updated drivers and hardware compatibility. Make sure the PC meets the system requirements for Windows 10. Phone Link for iOS requires iPhone with iOS 14 or higher, Windows 11 device, Bluetooth connection and the latest version of the Phone Link app. To check this on your PC, go to PC info in PC settings or System in Control Panel, and look for System type. To experience the full functionality, Android phones must be running Android 7.0 or later. Phone Link experience comes preinstalled on your PC with Windows 10 (running Windows 10, May 2019 Update at the least) or Windows 11. Certain features require specific hardware (see Windows 11 specifications). Centralized management for monitoring, threat protection and update management. Additional capacity for compute, file servers and storage. Use Azure for: Backup and disaster recovery. Features and app availability may vary by region. Extend on-premises deployments of Windows Server to the cloud by using the Azure hybrid services found in Windows Admin Center. Your music, movies, podcasts and audiobooks will transfer automatically to the Apple Music, Apple TV, Apple Podcasts and Apple Books apps where you’ll still have access to your favourite iTunes features, including purchases, rentals and imports. Windows 11 upgrade is available for eligible PCs that meet minimum device specifications. Download the latest macOS for an all-new entertainment experience. Microsoft 365 subscription sold separately. Certain apps only available through Microsoft Store app in Windows 11. Features and app availability may vary by region. Some individuals may select reverting to a younger state as a means to block out stress and worry. Self-helpįor others, age regression may be intentional. This type of age regression may be triggered by particular events or stressors. In this case, age regression is a form of security against fear or insecurity. In other instances, the “little” is entirely separate. They may talk like a child or begin behaving like one. In other words, the person with DID may be aware of everything, but they feel like they’re a different age. Instead, it may be a regressed version of the original personality. However, it’s believed that the “little” may not be a separate personality. People with this disorder frequently have a younger personality among their distinctive personalities. In fact, age regression may be common in people who have been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID), a disorder formerly known as multiple personality disorder. People with a history of trauma may be more likely to regress. Plus, it’s unclear how reliable these “recovered” memories are. Some experts suggest it could be possible to “uncover” false memories. Once there, they can help them overcome the trauma and find healing. Some mental health professionals use hypnotherapy and age regression to help patients return to painful periods in their lives. ClinicalĪge regression can be used as a therapeutic technique. It might also be a coping mechanism for worries about the impact of aging. What’s more, some individuals may begin to revert to a younger age as they grow older. In this case, the age regression may be spontaneous. Age regression could be a symptom of one of these conditions:Īge regression may occur in personality disorders when people come face to face with distressing memories or triggers. For example, some individuals experiencing significant distress or pain may revert to childlike behavior as a means to cope with anxiety or fear.Ĭertain mental health issues make age regression more likely. The length of years varies from type to type and person to person.Īge regression may be the result of a medical or psychiatric issue. People who regress revert to a younger state of mind than their physical age.Each of these age regression types share two common elements: If you don’t enable this option, your device will need to be restored on a computer after ten failed attempts. Erase Data: Choose whether to erase your device automatically after ten failed passcode attempts.Allow Access When Locked: Use this option to allow access to some features when your device is locked, including Today View, Notification Center, Control Center on iPhone and iPod touch or iPad, Siri, Reply with Message, Home Control, Wallet, Return Missed Calls, and USB accessories.(For your own security, if you use Touch ID or Apple Pay, you can't change the immediate passcode requirement). If you don't want an immediate passcode requirement, change this setting. Require Passcode: As soon as you lock your screen, the default for this setting will ask you to enter your passcode to unlock.Or tap Passcode Options to switch to a four-digit numeric code, a custom numeric code, or a custom alphanumeric code. Change Passcode: Enter a new six-digit passcode.When your download is finished, you'll see OPEN. time to try different solutions Step 1 Download WooTechy iSavlor on your. The cloud icon will turn into a progress meter. Press and hold the Option key, and then click 'Restore iPhone' or 'Restore iPad.' Next, select the IPSW file you downloaded, and then click 'Open.' If your Mac asks you to install a device update, click 'Install.' Wait while your phone or tablet downloads and. Turn Passcode Off: Tap this option to turn off your passcode. If you want to filter the apps into apps you don't have yet, tap Not on this iPad at the top. Open the Finder app on your Mac, and then select your iPhone or iPad from the sidebar.WARNING: If you choose the Erase All Content and Settings option, all of your content is removed. Go to Settings > General > Transfer or Reset iPad > Reset. They also offer a standalone version that you can use on your iPod and listen to your music on any computer without having to authorize it via iTunes.You'll find several settings and options: For example, if you’re trying to solve a problem but returning settings to their defaults doesn’t help, you might want to restore your previous settings from a backup. You can also listen to the music through your computer with your iPod or iOS device plugged in. On macOS, you should go to System Settings > Screen Time and toggle Use Screen Time Passcode on. You’ll then see a prompt to enter your passcode. It's lightweight and works nice for managing your music collection without iTunes. On your iPhone or iPad, you’ll need to go to Settings > Screen Time > Use Screen Time Passcode. You can add and delete music, videos, podcasts, and more. We were then able to add playlists to CopyTrans Manager and sync them with the iPod. Restoring software on your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch erases all your information and settings. Click Restore, then follow the onscreen instructions. In the iTunes app on your PC, click the Device button near the top left of the iTunes window. After a quick and easy install, it will launch and is ready for you to connect your iPod, iPod Touch / iPhone. To turn on Wi-Fi syncing, see Sync iTunes content on PC with devices on Wi-Fi. This is a free app that will let you transfer your songs from your computer to an iPod, iPod Touch, or iPhone out of the box. We have covered some tips to make iTunes run faster, but if you're a geek who wants as as little to do with iTunes as possible, we'll look at some quality alternatives. Even with the recent release of iTunes 10, speed and performance hasn't been addressed in any meaningful way. I find it odd that people want to rail against AI. I can only quote Shania Twain and say "that don't impress me much" I will be the most progressive, forward thinking AI supporter then. And while youre at it do the same with UVs. I would absolutely LOVE to see the end of retopologizing 3D objects by hand. But sorry - I am not easily impressed by random picture showing up inside of selection. I am not against technology (clearly, my everyday work depends on it), I do not afraid of it or anything like that. Forgive me if I am not joining the chant about how great that company is It took about 30 YEARS to implement in Photoshop something as simple as symmetry - tool that was present in Deluxe Paint made in 80s. Adobe is praised now for its forward thinking with its AI tools. 60 YEARS later 3d modelers still have jobs. I dont even know what purpose it could serve back in a day where computers didnt even had. Recently I read that first 3D scanners were made in the. How about self driving cars? So many news, future is here! Well, not really yet, but soon! You will see! That takes long enough too, doesnt it? Turns out its not that easy as we thought it might be. But it certainly didnt took over in many years. Or beginning of VR - soon nobody will use monitor! Everything VR! It is around, still developing, maybe one day will be more popular. Remember the revolutionary, game changing movement sensor Kinect? "You are the controller!". So many examples of tech that was really promising in early days and then its development plateaued or even completely crashed. I wonder from where comes this absolute confidence that this technology will quickly develop into something AMAZING. Maybe because I worked on the computer all my life starting with ZX spectrum and C64 ages ago? So all the new things I take with a pinch of salt and dont join the hysteria every time something new appears? Dont want to sound rude but when it comes to so called AI people behave like some sort of primitive tribe looking at TV for the first time, amazed how all these small people entered this box □. Prices of decent camera did the trickĪI is not making my head spin either. I still have two old russian Cmena's, old Minolta and Zenit cameras. I am old enough to use cameras with film also. Right now we are at the emergence stage, it's going to improve so rapidly it'll make your head spin.
Using scissors I transformed it into a vinyl. to fix this issue I employed a single BEVARA sealing clip. These units not only offer practical storage space, but also allow you to express your personal style by displaying pictures, magazines, or even potted plants. IKEA items: EKET cabinet BEVARA sealing clip Other Materials: Vinyl record with inspiring cover art EKET display and BEVARA vinyl record stand: Only problem is, the record sometimes tips forward and comes falling down on its face. If you want to find a spot to showcase your decorative items and books, shelving units provide the perfect solution. We offer practical solutions for organizing your belongings, regardless of whether you have books or clothes to store. Here are some storage solutions that we hope will help you make the most of your space and give your home a fresh look!ĭepending on the room, there are different types of storage options that you can choose from. However, there are also some great general storage options at Ikea that make it easy to store anything from vinyl to spare sheets. These flexible units are perfect for any room in your house, whether it's the bedroom or the dining room. When storing vinyl under or around your bed, your best bet is to find a bed frame with a kallax unit underneath it, which is the perfect size for displaying upright vinyl records. We have a variety of storage choices including wardrobes, bookcases, display cabinets, wall shelves, and more. If you want to keep your belongings organized and tidy, storage furniture is a great option. What kind of storage furniture would best suit your needs? It measures 30 3/8″ wide, 57 7/8″ high, and 15 3/8″ deep, and offers ample space to organize and display an extensive vinyl collection.Winter holidays Furniture Storage & organization Beds & mattresses Kitchen & appliances Home textiles Lighting Baby & kids Home décor Kitchenware & tableware Rugs, mats & flooring Bathroom Outdoor Plants & planters Home electronics Pet accessories Home improvement Laundry & cleaning Smart home IKEA Food & Swedish restaurant Home Accessories If you want to store and proudly display your vinyl records, consider the IKEA Kallax 4 as it is practical and versatile, and can be molded in any form you wish. For things you use more often, like records, a wall-hung shelf is a space-saving solution.' What is the best IKEA box for vinyl? This is my record storage solution.I started out with a used IKEA Kallax/Expedit 4 x 4 shelf but I didnt want to store the records with the spine pointing o. 'High up on the wall there is a row of cabinets for things you don’t need daily, like files and bedding. 'This is a smart, small yet airy studio with an industrial feel, where making use of height frees up floor space,' says Grant Robertson, interior design leader at IKEA UK & Ireland. This way, you'll create a practical solution for your vinyl storage whilst also making a talking-point piece. Rather than the usual shelving unit on the floor, try hanging a Kallax on the wall. Since I’ve been using the Ivar shelving system as my main vinyl storage, the new storage box is a perfect match for me. It's made of solid wood (pine) and looks great. This is a new addition to the Ivar line this year. Finally I find this Ivar storage box from IKEA. OK, not a hack as such, but this is a unique and stylish IKEA office idea and a way of storing your vinyl with an affordable IKEA product. I’ve been looking for affordable flip bins for a while. Among the most affordable and readily available vinyl storage solution for your record collection, most. Go wall-to-wall with the IKEA KALLAX for a vinyl storage showpiece Here is a personal vinyl hack I use on all of my Ikea Kallax & Expedit shelves. 'We added wood shelving not only for the warm look it provides but again, to give us enough support for all of our records,' says Scott. So he set about reinforcing the lower two shelves with plywood. 'They’re inexpensive and well made, but because records are heavy, we needed to reinforce the glass shelves they come with for something that can bear the weight,' says Scott. To make this happen, we needed a place to stash our vinyl collection, and after painting the room Benjamin Moore Kendall Charcoal, we finally assembled an IKEA Vittsjo unit that was originally intended for our future kitchen renovation.' It held fine, but I hate the look of sagging shelves. However, they are also rather wide and the shelves really thin, and while the shelves can take a load, a full shelf of records is REALLY heavy (probably 150lb +) and thats just too much without some sag in the middle. 'We knew this would be our funny little room to play our records, read a good book, and hang with the pets. These shelves are really sturdy for Ikea furniture. (Image credit: This creative and super-stylish IKEA shelving hack found the perfect balance of prettiness and practicality. In addition to using cheaper materials, the scheme separates the absorption spectrum of the cell from the bandgap of the semiconductor, so the cell sensitivity is more easily tuned to match the solar spectrum. The hole left in the dye molecule recombines with an electron carried to it through an electrolyte from the counter electrode by an anion such as I −. The electron is then quickly transferred to the conduction band of a neighboring TiO 2 nanoparticle, and it drifts through an array of similar nanoparticles to the external electrode. The dye, analogous to the light-harvesting chlorophyll in green plants, captures a photon, which elevates one of its electrons to an excited state. 6 Expensive Si, which does both of those jobs in conventional cells, is replaced by a hybrid of chemical dye and the inexpensive wide-bandgap semiconductor titanium dioxide. Achieving high efficiency from inexpensive materials with so-called third-generation cells, indicated in figure 3, is the grand research challenge for making solar electricity dramatically more affordable.ĭye-sensitized solar cells, introduced by Michael Gätzel and coworkers in 1991, create a new paradigm for photon capture and charge transport in solar conversion. Thin-film cells offer advantages beyond cost, including pliability, as in figure 2, and potential integration with preexisting buildings and infrastructure. Cheaper solar cells can be made from other materials, 3 but they operate at significantly lower efficiency, as shown in the table above. The best single-crystal Si cells have achieved 25% efficiency in the laboratory and about 18% in commercial practice. Achieving the efficiency limit of 31% that they established for those conditions remains a research goal. 2 The analysis is based on four assumptions: a single p–n junction, one electron–hole pair excited per incoming photon, thermal relaxation of the electron–hole pair energy in excess of the bandgap, and illumination with unconcentrated sunlight. With their 1961 analysis of thermodynamic efficiency, William Shockley and Hans Queisser established a milestone reference point for the performance of solar cells. The utilization gap between solar energy's potential and our use of it can be overcome by raising the efficiency of the conversion processes, which are all well below their theoretical limits. It is anticipated that by the year 2030 the world demand for electricity will double and the demands for fuel and heat will increase by 60%. Solar heat provides 0.3% of the energy used for heating space and water. Solar fuel, in the form of biomass, accounts for approximately 11% of world fuel use, but the majority of that is harvested unsustainably. Solar electricity, at between 5 and 10 times the cost of electricity from fossil fuels, supplies just 0.015% of the world's electricity demand. Despite the enormous energy flux supplied by the Sun, the three conversion routes supply only a tiny fraction of our current and future energy needs. Solar photons convert naturally into three forms of energy-electricity, chemical fuel, and heat-that link seamlessly with existing energy chains. It dramatically exceeds the rate at which human civilization produces and uses energy, currently about 13 TW.įigure 1. The enormous power that the Sun continuously delivers to Earth, 1.2 × 10 5 terawatts, dwarfs every other energy source, renewable or nonrenewable. The amount of energy humans use annually, about 4.6 × 10 20 joules, is delivered to Earth by the Sun in one hour. Earth's ultimate recoverable resource of oil, estimated at 3 trillion barrels, contains 1.7 × 10 22 joules of energy, which the Sun supplies to Earth in 1.5 days. The San Francisco earthquake of 1906, with magnitude 7.8, released an estimated 10 17 joules of energy, the amount the Sun delivers to Earth in one second. The Sun provides Earth with a staggering amount of energy-enough to power the great oceanic and atmospheric currents, the cycle of evaporation and condensation that brings fresh water inland and drives river flow, and the typhoons, hurricanes, and tornadoes that so easily destroy the natural and built landscape. |
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